Art+Analysis

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__**The Last Supper**__ __**By: Pimp Daddy Matthew Cain and Princess Jess**__

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__**Arrangement:**__ The negative images consist of simple lines, but the positive images are complex. The whole image is angled inwards toward Jesus at the center. However, the most negative images are actually complex like the foreground. __**Position/Claim of Image:**__ The image reveals the character of each of the twelve disciples based on their reactions to Jesus’s announcement that one would betray him. __**Assumptions Made:**__ Da Vinci assumes that the audience is familiar with the story of the Last Supper and the individual Disciples of Christ. __**Evidence Used to Support Claim:**__ The way the disciples are depicted reflects their character; Thomas raises his finger in doubt; Peter angrily brandishes a knife; Simon is instructing two other disciples. __**Fallacies:**__ All of the disciples are depicted as Caucasian; in reality each of these men would have been Palestinian Jews. This is a result of the painting being created during the time of the Italian Renaissance. In this time period, artists used models to guide their painting, but typically chose close friends and colleagues instead of models who might accurately represent the figure in question. __**Purpose:**__ Da Vinci painted the Last Supper mural in the Santa Maria della Grazie for Ludovico Duke Sforza of Milan. Though the surface reason was to inspire holiness and grace amongst the patrons of the refectory, it was actually a political move on Duke Sforza’s part to ensure the support of the Church and religiously devoted citizens for his reign over the city-state. _

Alexandra Church and Brooke Patterson



“A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.” The people in the image are all looking away from in different directions representing what Georges-Pierre Seurat intended: to show how covered people are in their sins and hidden agendas. The use of shadows, made from trees as well as other individuals, show the tucked away idea of sin and darkness in people. Because Seurat made the people stay away from eye-contact with each other, we can understand that when we experience and see our flaws and sins, we cannot seem to look each other in the eye. Also, Seurat decided to include some odd items that were not “normal” at this time. This includes putting a monkey on a leash, allowing a woman to fish, and making the setting of this painting a place where prostitutes went to work. From the way the women are dressed in the painting, we can assume that women were supposed to be proper, not people who did sports or prostituted on the side. Knowing this can help identify the sinful acts depicted in the painting. These either sinful or just odd behaviors the individuals in the painting are agreeing with the main message of the painting. Despite the dark scene of this painting, we see a river that connects to another island. The painting “ [|__Bathers at Asnières__”] is from the perspective of the other side of the river (this needs to be known to be able to fully understand “Sunday” because of the main purpose of a happier time) In that painting, a little boy is calling across, explaining that this is the side of redemption and peace. The little girl in the middle of the painting, in the white dress, also represents the bit of hope and light on the side of darkness. She is looking directly at the painter, breaking the fourth wall of the painting. In the painting, Seurat uses sharp color contrasts to show shadows, light, and even uses that in the outfits of the individuals. Darker purples to bright oranges vary throughout the painting. The way the sun is shining is casting a shadow on the darker side, allowing for a strong sunlight on area where hope represents. On the lake, white is used to show contrast, as well as the white of the girl in the center of the painting. White, being a hope, positive color, is directed in the area where redemption and happiness lay. _

**“The Son of Man”**

Analysis By: Kathryn Johnson and Levi Lovell




 * 1) The positive images in the painting are more detailed and stand out compared to the negative images of the background. The positive image of the man in the bowler hat is detailed using bright colors like green, red, as well as black and white. One can see the details of the jacket, shirt, tie, hat, and apple. The negative background images use blurred lines and more pastel-like colors and tints that are used in the positive images. The viewer cannot determine the definite start of the ocean or end of the sky but one can determine the time of day, daybreak. The brick wall behind the man is also a light color like the negative image, but is detailed like the positive images. The green apple and leaves are placed in from of the man’s face obstructing the view of the facial features that are generally the first things that a viewer’s eyes would be drawn to. Upon looking closely, viewer would notice that the left arm appears to be bent backwards at the elbow.
 * 2) The claim made by the painting is that in everyday life things are constantly obstructing our view from what we want to see. It also suggests that things are not always what they seem and one may have to look past the surface to find the true meaning of things in life, but also to see things for what they are. This picture also alludes to the fall of mankind by implementing the apple, much like the apple in the Garden of Eden. Much like physical obstacles get in the way of ones line of vision, sin often blinds ones from the truth and a righteous life. Also, the painting somewhat introduces the idea that we only pay attention to superficial aspects of life.
 * 3) The assumption is made that the viewer is familiar Rene Magritte’s life and the hardships he endured. One would have to understand that the painting is a self-portrait and he has painted the man the way he views himself. The other assumption is that the viewer knew that Magritte’s mother committed suicide by drowning herself, which could be how the water in the background is related symbolically.
 * 4) The appeal made in this painting is to logos because at first, a floating apple obstructing ones view of a man’s face may seem to take away from the painting as a whole. From this observation, one would draw the conclusion that the apple is positioned there for a specific reason.
 * 5) The claim is supported by the positioning of the apple itself. The apple is placed in front of the man’s face, not only obstructing his view, but also the on-lookers view of the man and the details of his face. The apple is symbolic of human nature and sin, which also obstructs one’s perception of right and wrong in life and gets in the way of living a righteous life.
 * 6) The visual and logical fallacy is the floating apple in the photo. Apples do not float, so one knows that the apple is strategically placed.
 * 7) The purpose of this image is to express the idea that frustrations in life, much like not being able to see or understand something often leads to sin. Similarly, sin also obstructs our moral conscience and tempts us into living life immorally. The apple represents frustration, as well as sin.

**Abel Walker and Emily Keller** **"Again" by Thomas Hart Benton**

1. The image is arranged with Jesus on a cross while getting shot by a German plane and getting stabbed by a Nazi soldier, a Japanese soldier. There are also stakes beside the cross Jesus is on which represent the other two people that were beside Jesus in the story in the Bible. There is smoke and fire in the background which implies that there has been destruction around. 2. The claim the artist is trying to make is that the axis powers are purely evil as to kill what Jesus represents and threaten American ideals. Evidence of this is best shown through the strong image of Christ’s death at the hands of our enemies at the time. 3. The artist is assuming that the audience is aware of Jesus Christ and of his story. He is also assuming that the audience knows who the axis powers are and the conflict that was going on at the time. 4. The appeals used are both pathos and ethos. The artist appeals to pathos because of the strong image of Christ being killed which would evoke many emotions for people. The artist also appeals to ethos through implying that Jesus must side with the allied powers if he is being crucified by the axis powers. This boosts the credibility of the American side of the war because siding with the most innocent man in history is favorable. 5. The evidence that supports his claim is the threatening fire along with all of the axis powers taking part in the killing of Jesus through the gripping of the spear. The artist uses many dark colors that could be associated with sadness and evil. Jesus is the brightest part of the image which is associated with goodness and light. 6. One logical flaw in the image is that Jesus was not actually killed my Germans, Japanese, etc. and also was killed 2000 years previous to WWII. Another logical flaw was a denomination of Christianity which would make the image ironic. 7. The purpose of the image is to express the outstanding hatred against the axis powers. The purpose is achieved because it’s such a strong image that anyone would automatically understand what is being said.

Olivia Doane and Julee Reitzel  **"American Progress" - John Gast ** **By: Kelly Davis and Ian York **   This image is arranged around the divine figure, possibly an angel, in the center of the painting. This angel appear to be constructing the frontier for the settlers. All of the people depicted in the image are focused to the left of the painting, which is representative of the West. There is also a contrast of color. The bright colors originate from the right of the image and are used to convey the Enlightenment and development that is coming into the new frontier from the East. They are moving into darkness, which is represented by the Native people and animals that they are driving away.
 * 1) **The painting is an example of French Romanticism in the 1830s. Eugène Delacroix painted this picture with certain emphasis on certain details, especially the Lady Liberty. While the painting is relatively dark, Liberty is highlighted with a beam of light. She is placed at the highest point in the painting, while a depiction of Paris burns in the background. She holds a musket in one hand and the flag of the revolution in the other. Beside Liberty is a young boy, symbolizing the future generations of the French people. On Liberty’s other side, a crowd of armed revolutionaries gather to follow behind her. Dead bodies are strategically placed at Liberty’s feet, making a powerful statement that explains how people are going to die in this fight for freedom. Another small beam of light shines on one of the corpses in the corner, symbolizing how the deaths of these men are ultimately for a cause that will better the future. **
 * 2) **Liberty Leading the People was created as a tool to commemorate the July Revolution of 1830. Delacroix purposefully mixed the bourgeois and the working class in order to make his claim that the people of all social statuses must work together in order to obtain ultimate freedom for France. **
 * 3) **To fully understand this painting, Delacroix assumed that the audience already had a vague history of the first French Revolution, the reasons behind the Parisian Uprising of July 27, 28, and 29th, and the social classes of the time. Viewers need to understand how the French monarchy operates and the history of France’s past kings in order to fully comprehend the meaning behind the painting; in a nutshell, France’s first revolution was due to the lack of political freedom and a resentment towards the oppressive monarchy. As a result of the French Revolution, King Louis the XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette were beheaded and Robespierre's Reign of Terror began. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as an emperor in 1804, but was later defeated in the Battle of Waterloo and exiled. Liberty Leading the People is in response to this political upheaval that resulted in the rise of the “citizen-king,” Louis-Phillipe. Viewers need to know the history behind the French uprisings and understand the anger of the French people to comprehend the reasons for the revolutions. Liberty, (Marianne as she is known to the French) is leading the uprising, holding a tricolor flag symbolic of revolution, and wearing a Phrygian cap from the first French Revolution. The painting depicts French citizens of separate classes joined together to fight for a single cause. This is important due to the obvious separation between the bourgeois and the working class. **
 * 4) **Delacroix uses Pathos and Ethos in his painting to create a sense of patriotism in the people. Pathos is most prominent due to Marianne’s passionate depiction, showing unyielding devotion to her country. The same passion and determination is shown in the faces of the revolutionaries; the corpses on the ground are meant to symbolize the sacrifices of war, while Marianne’s stance standing over them shows that freedom for all is going the cost the lives of the fighters. Ethos is provided in the painting because Delacroix was already an acclaimed leader of the Romantic school of French painting, and he was also a former member of the National Guard. **
 * 5) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The evidence to support the claim of societal unity is in the depiction of the revolutionaries; Delacroix represented the various social classes side by side, showing bourgeois beside the workers all following Marianne in their quest for freedom. All these different social classes are now united because they are all fighting for one common goal. **
 * 6) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This painting does not contain flaws/logistical fallacies. **
 * 7) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of this image is to commemorate the July Revolution and to support the idea of a new government ran by the citizens of France. The painting conveys a sense of patriotism in one’s country and shows a united group of citizens from all different classes coming together for a common cause. **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The claim of the image is that Americans were given the right and knowledge by God to expand into the West. This is supported by the divine figure holding a schoolbook, which represents Enlightenment. She is representative of God's support in their movement West.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> It is assumed that the audience is familiar with the events that occurred during Westward expansion, which was a time of vast industrial advancements and American Expansion. It is also assumed that the viewer understands what happened to the Native people and animals, as well as the concepts of Manifest Destiny.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The appeals used in this painting are logos and pathos. Logos is used in this painting because there are historical references made to the details of the time, such as trains, wagons, guns, and the expansion of technology. This helps develop emotional appeal because it gives off the sense that Americans are assured by God that they are the ones destined to own this land and that they will prosper.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The evidence used to support this claim include historical evidence of the events occurring, such as the terrain, animals and Natives. In addition to this, the idea of manifest Destiny is supported by the Angel surrounded by the light. This suggests to the view that the Angel is representative of knowledge and power, which is the idea if Manifest Destiny. The darkness also supports the idea of Manifest Destiny, as the Indians are considered to be savages and ignorant of modern ways.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> One of the logical fallacies presented in this image is the divine figure. this image suggests that the settlers were guided by God and were able to take the West with no struggle. However, there was mass bloodshed from both the Natives and the settlers during this time. The settler moving to the West took whatever means necessary to eliminate the Natives from the land, which is not consistent with the idea that it was just given to the settlers because they deserved it.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Alice; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The purpose of this painting was to show the spirits and beliefs of the American people during the late 1800's. the painting glorified the success the settlers had during Westward expansion. While there were actual drawings that showed the Indians being driven away, it was still a way to show that Americans believed that they were stronger and better than the rest. this purpose was achieved by the depictions of American dominance by the image of the divine figure and the Indians moving away in fear.

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